Most authorities now recognize this section as a separate genus, using. List of various diseases cured by rhamnus frangula. It is native to a large temperate area across europe, from portugal in west to western china in east. It is native to europe, northernmost africa, and western asia, from ireland and great britain north to the 68th parallel in scandinavia, east to central siberia and xinjiang in western. Leaves are darkgreen and glossy above while dull green below. Frangula alnus typically inhabits wet, shaded and acidic soils. Glossy buckthorn, fen buckthorn, alder buckthorn r. Frangula alnus primarily reproduce by seed converse, 1984. In the past, frangula was treated as a subgenus of rhamnus, distinguished from rhamnus sensu stricto by the presence of bisexual instead of unisexual flowers and 5merous instead of 4merous flower parts, and on the basis of seed characteristics. The flowers, which are small and bisexual, are in axillary dichasia or fascicles. Wisconsin manual of control recommendations for ecologically invasive plants. Broadleaf deciduous shrub or lowbranching tree, upright, spreading, as a shrub 15 ft 4. Genus frangula can be deciduous or evergreen shrubs or trees, with simple leaves that often colour well in autumn, and tiny yellowish flowers followed by red or black fruit.
Rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn pfaf plant database. Appearance frangula alnus is a large shrub or small tree that can grow to heights of 30 ft. Tracheophyta magnoliopsida rhamnaceae frangula frangula alnus. The fruits are 2 to 4seeded berries 279 selected species include. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. The trees wood is soft and used for high quality charcoal and gunpowder, while its bark, fruit and leaves are utilized for producing dyes and local medicine. Biological control ofbuckthorns rhamnus cathartica and. Frangula alnus is commonly called alder buckthorn because it is frequently seen in the wild growing in moist soils near alders genus alnus.
Pdf in this study, the turkish representatives of frangula alnus were investigated in terms of wood, leaf and petiole anatomy. Only potential vegetation types from northcentral and northeastern us habitats where glossy buckthorn is most widely distributed are listed in. Frangula alnus faulbaum rosa canina hundsrose salix aurita ohrchenweide salix caprea salweide salix cinerea aschweide salix purpurea purpurweide salix triandra mandelweide salix viminalis korbweide 2. Frangula alnus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 200405. Frangula alnus assessment answers are underlined and.
Benefits of alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula for health. If a branch is cut, the sapwood tissue just below the outer bark is yellow and the heartwood tissue in the center is pinkorange michigan. The tree likes sun to halfshade at the location and the soil should be permeable soils. To contribute information, contact the editor whose address is. Frangula alnus online atlas of the british and irish flora. It is present in most central and northeasternus states. Alder buckthorn is native to europe, northern africa, and central asia.
Unlike other buckthorns, alder buckthorn does not have thorns. Frangula alnus is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. Gray, but its leaf margins are finely serrated serrulate and leaves are 3 times as long as wide. Frangula alnus is most problematic in fens and other wetlands but also can invade uplands and sandy soil forests. Resembles the native carolina buckthorn frangula caroliniana walt. In 1754, miller described the genus frangula, and in 1768, the species frangula alnus. Alder buckthorn has been used medicinally as a gentle laxative since at least the middle ages. It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to november. Frangula alnus, commonly known as glossy buckthorn, is a shrub that can grow to seven metres and is sometimes considered a tree. Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree up to 23 7 m tall.
It is also commonly called glossy buckthorn in reference to its glossy leaves. Alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula picture the alder buckthorn can be considered a deciduous shrub or even a small tree, the plant often reaches 20 feet in height when fully mature. Bauordnungsrechtliche festsetzungen nach 86 bauo nrw. Frangula alnus alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, breaking buckthorn, black dogwood. Rhamnaceae article pdf available in plant biosystems 121.
Frangula alnus, closeup of fruits, late flowers and leaves in a garden. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. Frangula article about frangula by the free dictionary. Pdf ancient plant remains with special reference to buckthorn. Frangula alnus is recorded in 23 states in the us usda i nrcs 2001. Manual or mechanical control pulling digging up pulling by hand or via a weed wrench is an effective method of control for seedlings and smaller plants. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections.
Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in rhamnus frangula. Effects of rhamnus frangula extract on mcf7 cells in cell. The root pattern is suckering with new plants from underground runners away from the plant 21. They were probably introduced to the us before 1800 but did not become widespread until the early 1900s. Alder buckthorn was first reported by linnaeus in 1753 as.
Rhamnus frangula is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. The generic recognition of frangula has been disputed and for many years glossy buckthorn has gone under the name rhamnus frangula l. Ancient plant remains with special reference to buckthorn, frangula. Branches are multistemmed, not very regular and arranged in alternate pairs. Frangula alnus glossy buckthorn fral4 8004 european alder alder buckthorn form. Frangula alnus faulbaum giftverdachtig quercus robur stieleiche prunus avium vogelkirsche sorbus aucuparia vogelbeere tilia cordata winterlinde straucher berberis vulgaris berberitze carpinus betulus hainbuche cornus sanguinea roter hartriegel corylus avellana gemeine hasel. The alder buckthorn is botanically called rhamnus frangula. Frangula alnus usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. The yellowgreen flowers of frangula alnus are bisexual and 5merous, and arranged in 18 flowered sessile, glabrous umbels. Pdf anatomical notes on turkish frangula alnus mill. Alternate, simple, elliptical to oblong or obovate, 2 to 4 inches long, entire, veins are parallel but near edges of leaf turn and follow the edge, shiny green above, may be pale pubescent beneath, petiole short and pubescent. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The tree is a deciduous tree, it will be up to 7 m 30 ft high.
Rhamnaceae buckthorn family medicinal use of alder buckthorn. Rhamnus frangula figure i, the alder buckthorn, is a tall. Frangula is a genus of deciduous shrubs with alternate, simple leaves with stipules, buds without bud scales, branches without spines and flowers with five petals and undivided styles. Rhamnus frangula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. Maine natural areas program, invasive plants, glossy buckthorn. Frangula alnus, commonly known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family rhamnaceae. Frangula a genus of shrubs or small trees of the family rhamnaceae. The bark on young shoots is green, becoming greybrown. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arrang ed alternately. Also resembles common buckthorn rhamnus cathartica l. The branches are not spiny, and the buds are without scales. Frangula alnus rhamnus frangula lower hudson partnership for. Foliage the dark green leaves are shiny, alternate sometime opposite and simple with prominent venation. Glossy buckthorn frangula alnus is a shrub or small, multistemmed tree.
The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. Rhamnus frangula landscape plants oregon state university. Drupaceous fruits and pyrenes of buckthorn frangula alnus mill. Most authorities now recognize this section as a separate genus, using frangula alnus mill. The leaf margins are smoothentire and tend to be slightly wavy. Glossy, oval to obovate, dark green leaves to 3 long retain green color well into fall, usually resulting in poor fall color.
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